tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9088273984661570768.post3453107782468927477..comments2022-03-27T14:05:24.040-04:00Comments on Livin' in the Future: Seniors- Time magazie articleM Alb.http://www.blogger.com/profile/00354423847648479400noreply@blogger.comBlogger70125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9088273984661570768.post-32124648916397687022010-10-31T20:20:00.827-04:002010-10-31T20:20:00.827-04:001. The article says that heart disease does not j...1. The article says that heart disease does not just come from genetics and your lifestyle but it comes from your nutrition in the womb. David Barker found a connection between heart disease and low birth weight. Low birth weight can come from lack of nutrients sent to the baby. The nutrients go to the brain and not many go to any other body parts and that can result in a weak heart later on in life. There is a poor supply of nutrients going everywhere else because the fetus turns them away, and that is when they go to the brain.<br /><br />2. The prenatal impact that can lead to obesity is that the more weight the mother gains during pregnancy, the higher the chances are of her child to become overweight by age three. They know that prenatal environment is not the only reason for obesity, but they are trying to figure out if there are any other connections.<br /><br />3. The article states that there are not many known prenatal influences for developing diabetes. One that they have discovered though is that a woman’s blood sugar while pregnant disrupts the metabolism that the fetus is developing. With this happening, the baby is exposed to diabetes and obesity. They are looking for ways to make simple changes during pregnancy to reduce the risk Diabetes. It can be without a doubt genetic, but this is just another way that people should be aware of how it can be developed.<br /><br />4. Air pollution has an impact on everyone, including pregnant women. Due to air pollution a mother’s baby may be born premature, have a low birth weight or even have heart problems. Traffic air pollution is a big type of pollution that is harmful. They are trying to find ways to reduce the amount of pollution coming from diesel trucks and busses. There is also a cancer risk from all the air pollution for the mother and the baby. <br /><br />5. The article states that prenatal environment may be linked to mental health, which includes our intelligence, temperament and sanity. An example given is that if a pregnant mother is under extreme stress, is at risk of starvation their child has a higher chance of schizophrenia. A fetus may be shaped my the mothers emotional state. Their heart rate and blood pressure all have an effect on the baby. Their emotional state while pregnant may also increase a mental illness for the child later on in life.Leann Hendronnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9088273984661570768.post-59082784962506121942010-10-29T12:34:14.138-04:002010-10-29T12:34:14.138-04:001. Everyone thought that heart disease was only as...1. Everyone thought that heart disease was only associated with heredity, genetics and adult lifestyles. Then Barker found out that there was a correlation between smaller babies, and inadequate food supplies. Not many people agreed with his new findings but he presented the evidence and then they believed him. It was known as the Barker hypothesis and a woman was set out to disprove the hypothesis. Yet all she found were the same results. She said, "Similar studies have been conducted at least two dozen times since then," she notes. "It's one of the most solidly replicated findings in the field of public health." So basically if a woman continues having a healthy weight, the baby will to and that eliminates most risk of cardiovascular disease risk.<br />2. It was said that the higher the obesity in a pregnant woman, the more overweight the baby would be by age three. There were studies with teenagers who only had moderate gain weight during pregnancy and middle-aged women during pregnancy and the babies were more obese for the older heavier women. There was another test where the mothers would have there kids when they were heavier, then when they lost weight they would have another baby, at this observation, the kid would have different eating habits and would tend to be smaller than the siblings of the mother when she was heavier.<br />3. They cannot control the diabetic pregnant woman’s blood sugar as much as they would like too, so the baby can be exposed to diabetes too! If they could control the blood sugar, it is said that they could bring down the numbers of the children who go on to developing diabetes. Woman can change their ways during the pregnancy though and that can lower the risk for the children to possibly go on to develop diabetes. They can diet, and exercise, that way the cycle of diabetes can possibly be broken.<br />4. The impact of air is a big deal. There was a test done on some babies, they took tissue of the placenta and umbilical cord and it was shown that it was contaminated already! When the baby was born, it was sometimes premature, low birth-weight, and heart malformations! To continue research, they measured levels of PAHs, or polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. 100% ended up with PAHs, and 40% ended up with DNA damage. So because of this, pollutants have been encountering stopping points due to us stopping certain rules to keep the air cleaner.<br />5. Stress is a mental issue that affects the baby. Some woman eat a lot when they are stressed, with can make the baby obese, and some woman starve themselves when they are stressed, which can cause harm to the baby or even a miscarriage. If they have the stress, and the baby is born, it can be induced to a higher risk of schizophrenia. When women are upset or under pressure, there blood pressure can be raised, the heart-rate and many bad things like that can effect the baby as well. Fetuses’ are already sensitive to stress to begin with so extra stress is not god at all for the baby.Allie CItronoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9088273984661570768.post-10155690818317527242010-10-28T22:03:07.129-04:002010-10-28T22:03:07.129-04:001) The origins are heart disease can be traced bac...1) The origins are heart disease can be traced back to England and Wales, where the highest percentage was recorded. David Barker, a British physician, concluded that there was a relation between low birth weight and adult health. He discovered the link between small birth size and poor prenatal care to heart disease in middle age. His colleagues had always thought heart disease was a result of genetics or adult lifestyle factors, and he presented them with the fact that it also dealt with intrauterine experiences.<br /><br />2) Obesity studies have proven that not only does obesity deal with genetics and poor habits, but the intrauterine experience and prenatal care as well. Mothers who gained excessive weight during pregnancy were ore likely to give birth to children who would be overweight by age three. Other studies have even shown that the child’s obesity could persist into adolescence. Researchers have even compared children of obese women to formerly obese women who had weight-loss surgeries who had children post surgery. They have found that the mother who is still obese will more likely have the overweight baby compared the baby of the once obese mother.<br /><br />3) A diabetic mother’s high blood sugar has been shown to affect the baby’s developing metabolism predisposing it to diabetes. In Pima, where the study was performed, most Type 2 diabetes patients were exposed to the diabetes in utero, which seems to be the reason of the increase in childhood diabetes there over the past 30 years. Dr. Dana Dabelea believes that by intensively controlling the diabetic mother’s blood sugar, that the number of children who develop diabetes may decrease. By telling women in her tribe what she thinks, their attitude had become more positive about pregnancy, they learned they may be able to control if their child develops the diabetes.<br /><br />4) The impact of air pollution to a baby hosts a variety of outcomes. Being exposed to traffic related air pollution in utero could cause premature delivery, low birth weight, and heart malformations. After a Manhattan study by Dr. Perera, she found 40% of babies exposed to the pollution had subtle DNA damage that may potentially put them at a greater risk to cancer. Further analysis found that the children exposed were also more likely to be cognately delayed by age three, proven by lower scores on assessment tests used to predict performance in school. Even at age 5, the children had lower IQs then the other who had less pollution exposure in the womb. Air pollution used to worry the elderly and those with asthma, and studies have proven that expectant mothers need to watch out for pollution as well.<br /><br />5) Scientists are also now exploring prenatal influences on mental health, studying not only the effects on physical health but on intelligence, temperament, and sanity. Even evidence can show pregnant women who are more subject to starvation or extreme stress are more likely to give birth to a schizophrenic child. In past years, during country’s famines, there was an increase in schizophrenic children given birth by the starved mothers. Studies have shown mothers who are exposed to extreme stress, depression, or anxiousness can be predicted to have children who are also sensitive to stress, tracing back to their prenatal environment. The fetuses’ nervous systems may already be being altered by their mother’s emotional states.<br /><br />it's late but hopefully it can be worth something.Savannah Snoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9088273984661570768.post-11928809477333479992010-10-28T22:02:36.172-04:002010-10-28T22:02:36.172-04:001) The origins are heart disease can be traced bac...1) The origins are heart disease can be traced back to England and Wales, where the highest percentage was recorded. David Barker, a British physician, concluded that there was a relation between low birth weight and adult health. He discovered the link between small birth size and poor prenatal care to heart disease in middle age. His colleagues had always thought heart disease was a result of genetics or adult lifestyle factors, and he presented them with the fact that it also dealt with intrauterine experiences.<br /><br />2) Obesity studies have proven that not only does obesity deal with genetics and poor habits, but the intrauterine experience and prenatal care as well. Mothers who gained excessive weight during pregnancy were ore likely to give birth to children who would be overweight by age three. Other studies have even shown that the child’s obesity could persist into adolescence. Researchers have even compared children of obese women to formerly obese women who had weight-loss surgeries who had children post surgery. They have found that the mother who is still obese will more likely have the overweight baby compared the baby of the once obese mother.<br /><br />3) A diabetic mother’s high blood sugar has been shown to affect the baby’s developing metabolism predisposing it to diabetes. In Pima, where the study was performed, most Type 2 diabetes patients were exposed to the diabetes in utero, which seems to be the reason of the increase in childhood diabetes there over the past 30 years. Dr. Dana Dabelea believes that by intensively controlling the diabetic mother’s blood sugar, that the number of children who develop diabetes may decrease. By telling women in her tribe what she thinks, their attitude had become more positive about pregnancy, they learned they may be able to control if their child develops the diabetes.<br /><br />4) The impact of air pollution to a baby hosts a variety of outcomes. Being exposed to traffic related air pollution in utero could cause premature delivery, low birth weight, and heart malformations. After a Manhattan study by Dr. Perera, she found 40% of babies exposed to the pollution had subtle DNA damage that may potentially put them at a greater risk to cancer. Further analysis found that the children exposed were also more likely to be cognately delayed by age three, proven by lower scores on assessment tests used to predict performance in school. Even at age 5, the children had lower IQs then the other who had less pollution exposure in the womb. Air pollution used to worry the elderly and those with asthma, and studies have proven that expectant mothers need to watch out for pollution as well.<br /><br />5) Scientists are also now exploring prenatal influences on mental health, studying not only the effects on physical health but on intelligence, temperament, and sanity. Even evidence can show pregnant women who are more subject to starvation or extreme stress are more likely to give birth to a schizophrenic child. In past years, during country’s famines, there was an increase in schizophrenic children given birth by the starved mothers. Studies have shown mothers who are exposed to extreme stress, depression, or anxiousness can be predicted to have children who are also sensitive to stress, tracing back to their prenatal environment. The fetuses’ nervous systems may already be being altered by their mother’s emotional states.<br /><br /><br /><br />It's late, but hopefully it can be worth something.Savannah Snoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9088273984661570768.post-13503099498829957092010-10-28T17:05:16.567-04:002010-10-28T17:05:16.567-04:00(4) Even in a pristine environment, babies show ev...(4) Even in a pristine environment, babies show evidence of contamination. Babies exposed to traffic pollution are at risk for a negative birth as well. These include premature delivery, low birth weight, and heart malformations. Evidence shows in Perera's study in 1998 that those exposed to cigarette smoke, vehicle exhaust, and factory smoke stacks, are at risk for cancer. Even their IQ's may be affected. <br /><br />(5) It is well known that a parent with a mental illness and genetic predisposition can increase the risk of mental illness in the child. Now it is suggested that these predispositions may also be affected by external factors while in the womb. Studies have shown that women who undergo great stresses like war time and famine are twice as likely to have a child that develops schizophrenia later in life. In a test involving pregnant women with mood disorders, the fetuses displayed disturbances of their own. Studies suggest that fetuses are already more sensitive to stress. It could be a genetic predisposition or an effect of stress hormones produced by the mother.Natalie Pesetskynoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9088273984661570768.post-60014485479449689072010-10-28T17:04:48.469-04:002010-10-28T17:04:48.469-04:00(1) David Barker believes that a child’s birth wei...(1) David Barker believes that a child’s birth weight may be related to heart disease. The intrauterine environment is believed to have short-term and long-term effects on children. Many were skeptical of his hypothesis but, “it’s one of the most solidly replicated findings in the field of public health.” Women must handle countless restrictions to ensure the health of their baby and these findings could very well add to that list. However, scientists mean no harm. Instead, they are excited and interested in the welfare of both mothers and children. <br /><br />(2) According to research, it is possible that the mother’s weight, during pregnancy, has an effect on the child’s weight before and after birth. When comparing intrauterine environments, according to the article, studies show that "children gestated by women post-surgery were 52% less likely to be obese than siblings born to the same mother when she was still heavy." These studies also suggest that genes and diet is not the only influence. The metabolism of children is also thought to be affected. If factors within the intrauterine environment are proven most profound, then a mother's weight during and after pregnancy could become even more important.<br /><br />(3) Women who are diabetic generally have a high blood sugar. When pregnant, it can affect the metabolism of the fetus as well. New research suggests that this may predispose these children to diabetes and obesity. If mothers with diabetes have a positive and patient approach, it could mean a lower percentage of diabetes across the nation. For the sake of their children, most women claim that they are willing and able to diet and exercise for 9 months.Natalie Pesetskynoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9088273984661570768.post-79028162641592085242010-10-28T17:04:21.058-04:002010-10-28T17:04:21.058-04:00(1) David Barker believes that a child’s birth wei...(1) David Barker believes that a child’s birth weight may be related to heart disease. The intrauterine environment is believed to have short-term and long-term effects on children. Many were skeptical of his hypothesis but, “it’s one of the most solidly replicated findings in the field of public health.” Women must handle countless restrictions to ensure the health of their baby and these findings could very well add to that list. However, scientists mean no harm. Instead, they are excited and interested in the welfare of both mothers and children. <br /><br />(2) According to research, it is possible that the mother’s weight, during pregnancy, has an effect on the child’s weight before and after birth. When comparing intrauterine environments, according to the article, studies show that "children gestated by women post-surgery were 52% less likely to be obese than siblings born to the same mother when she was still heavy." These studies also suggest that genes and diet is not the only influence. The metabolism of children is also thought to be affected. If factors within the intrauterine environment are proven most profound, then a mother's weight during and after pregnancy could become even more important.<br /><br />(3) Women who are diabetic generally have a high blood sugar. When pregnant, it can affect the metabolism of the fetus as well. New research suggests that this may predispose these children to diabetes and obesity. If mothers with diabetes have a positive and patient approach, it could mean a lower percentage of diabetes across the nation. For the sake of their children, most women claim that they are willing and able to diet and exercise for 9 months. <br /><br />(4) Even in a pristine environment, babies show evidence of contamination. Babies exposed to traffic pollution are at risk for a negative birth as well. These include premature delivery, low birth weight, and heart malformations. Evidence shows in Perera's study in 1998 that those exposed to cigarette smoke, vehicle exhaust, and factory smoke stacks, are at risk for cancer. Even their IQ's may be affected. <br /><br />(5) It is well known that a parent with a mental illness and genetic predisposition can increase the risk of mental illness in the child. Now it is suggested that these predispositions may also be affected by external factors while in the womb. Studies have shown that women who undergo great stresses like war time and famine are twice as likely to have a child that develops schizophrenia later in life. In a test involving pregnant women with mood disorders, the fetuses displayed disturbances of their own. Studies suggest that fetuses are already more sensitive to stress. It could be a genetic predisposition or an effect of stress hormones produced by the mother.Natalie Pesetskynoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9088273984661570768.post-66784472119298707802010-10-28T13:10:28.320-04:002010-10-28T13:10:28.320-04:00ALEX KENNEY CONTINUED
4. Summarize findings about...ALEX KENNEY CONTINUED<br /><br />4. Summarize findings about the impact of air pollution.<br />Frederica Perera, a director of Children’s health at Columbia University, found that fetuses could be exposed to air pollution even before they are born (whatever their mother is exposed to during pregnancy). Traffic related pollution that reaches the fetus can cause low birth weight, premature birth, and heart malformations. Women living in cities are the most exposed to air pollution. A study was done on women living across Manhattan and the upper Bronx, which showed that they were all exposed to PAHs (a pollutant from vehicle exhaust, smoke stacks and cigarette fumes) during their pregnancy. PAH damage may be linked to cancer and lower IQ’s. New York City has switched to newer technology to try to prevent things of this sort from happening so much.<br /><br /><br />5. How might the prenatal environment be linked to mental health? Explain.<br />The mother’s mental state has an impact on the fetus in her womb. Women with extreme stress can make their offspring be more likely to develop schizophrenia. When a mother is stress, it can make the baby more sensitive to stress and it will carry on into their later life. Even the mother’s mood can effect the baby. In the article it states that this may occur because the mother’s varying emotional states is shaping the fetuses nervous system. The mother’s stress hormones, temperament affect the baby. Also, if the mother has a mental illness it is likely that her baby will be predisposed to that certain mental illness.alex kenneynoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9088273984661570768.post-91559820597677196382010-10-28T13:10:00.664-04:002010-10-28T13:10:00.664-04:00Alexandra Kenney October 26,2010
Child Psyc...Alexandra Kenney October 26,2010<br />Child Psych<br /><br /><br />1. Summarize what the article says about the origins of heart disease.<br />The article presents a new reason for heart disease in adults. Usually, heart disease is caused by “sedentary lifestyles and rich food”, but this article points out that may not be the only main factor causing cardiac disease. David Barker, a British physician, found a relationship between low birth weight and heart disease in middle age years. Small birth size is usually the result of malnutrition of the mother, which in turn leaves the baby with insufficient nutrients. Whatever nutrients they do receive go to the most important organ, which is the brain. Other body organs and parts will not receive enough nutrients necessary; therefore can cause heart disease later on in life. This hypothesis has been named “The Barker Hypothesis”, it has tried to be disproved but his ideas still hold substance and relevance.<br /><br />2. What is the prenatal impact on obesity?<br />One fact holds true between the studies in this article regarding obesity: If the mother is obese while pregnant, the child is likely to be obese or overweight. Harvard Medical School said that the more pounds a woman gains, the more likely that her offspring will be overweight by the age of three. A second study also presents the fact that this obesity in the offspring can carry on to later years in life. When researchers compared siblings that were born when the mother was obese and the other sibling when the mother had anti-obesity surgery, they found similar results. The children born when the mother was obese were much more likely to be obese or overweight.<br /><br />3. What does the article state about the prenatal influence for developing diabetes?<br />This article states that there is other things that can cause diabetes other than genetics, one of them being prenatal influence. When the mother has high blood sugar during pregnancy, it disrupts the metabolism of the growing fetus. This in turn makes the baby more likely to get diabetes. If mother’s can control their blood sugar while pregnant, it will drastically lower the children who go on to develop diabetes. If mothers are educated they will be likely to control this factor, at least for nine months, to help their baby.alex kenneynoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9088273984661570768.post-29928866419878800732010-10-28T11:09:39.257-04:002010-10-28T11:09:39.257-04:00Ashley Bowman
1.The article states that heart dis...Ashley Bowman<br /><br />1.The article states that heart disease comes from poor nutrition. The fetus has an “inadequate food supply” and redirects the nutrients to the brain and “skimps” on other organs like the heart.<br /><br />2.The higher the weight of the mother during pregnancy the increased risk that her child will be overweight by age 3. Helping a woman maintain a healthy weight while pregnant is the best hope for stopping obesity before it can start.<br /><br />3.There is a significant prenatal and genetic component in diabetes. A diabetic woman’s high blood sugar disrupts the metabolism of the developing fetus. This predisposes the child to diabetes and obesity. <br /><br />4.Air pollution during pregnancy can cause low birth weight, premature delivery, and heart malformations. This pollution can come from cigarette smoke, vehicle exhaust, and factory smokestack fumes. A study was conducted with more than 500 pregnant women walked around Manhattan with an air monitor in their backpack. The monitor continuously measured levels of PAH (a type of air pollution).<br /><br />5.A pregnant woman’s mental state can shape her child’s psyche. There was a test done that put women in what could be stressful, mental exercises. All of the women showed physiological signs of stress in response to the tests, but only the fetuses of depressed, anxious mothers showed their own distress. Fetuses are sensitive to stress. It’s possible that it was inherited, or its possible that the baby’s nervous system is being shaped based on the mother’s stress.ashleybowmannoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9088273984661570768.post-35792319756578028742010-10-28T10:58:23.010-04:002010-10-28T10:58:23.010-04:00Lauren Hyland
Miss Albanese
Fetal Origins Article...Lauren Hyland <br />Miss Albanese<br />Fetal Origins Article<br />October 28, 2010<br />4. Frederica Perera studied the effects of air pollution on fetuses to research environmental exposures and cancer in adults. She decided to use babies right out of the womb as her control group but was shocked to find that had already been contaminated. It was found that traffic-related air pollution accounts for premature delivery, low birth weight, and heart malformations. A study in which 500 pregnant women went across Manhattan with air monitors in backpacks revealed that 100% of women were exposed to PAHs during pregnancy. The children born showed that 40% had DNA damage from PAHs which is linked to an increase in cancer risk. They were also twice as likely to be cognitively delayed at age 3 and at age 5 scored lower on IQ tests than children who were not as exposed to PAHs during pregnancy. <br />5. The prenatal environment is now being linked to our intelligence, temperament, and sanity. Pregnant women who experience starvation or extreme stress increased the risk of schizophrenia for their children and those born during the famine were twice more likely to develop schizophrenia than those who were not. Catherine Monk proposed that a mother’s mood during pregnancy affects the child’s development. She studied depressed and anxious pregnant women and compared them to pregnant women with normal moods. The fetuses of the depressed and anxious women were the only ones that displayed disturbances because they are more sensitive to stress. The mother’s heart rate and blood pressure could affect the development of the fetuses’ nervous systems.Anonymoushttps://www.blogger.com/profile/02596222295986606453noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9088273984661570768.post-49339701407905692442010-10-28T10:57:57.961-04:002010-10-28T10:57:57.961-04:00Lauren Hyland
Miss Albanese
Fetal Origins Article...Lauren Hyland <br />Miss Albanese<br />Fetal Origins Article<br />October 28, 2010<br />1. According to British physician, David Barker, discovered that the origins of heart disease begin during the nine months of pregnancy. He noticed that the poorest regions of England and Wales had the highest rates of heart disease. After investigation, he found the link between heart disease and small birth size, which suggested poor prenatal nutrition. This is because during pregnancy the fetus delivers nutrients to its main organ, the brain, and the rest goes to its other organs, which results in a weakened heart if the mother does not consume enough nutrients. Janet Rich-Edwards tried to disprove this hypothesis, but she too discovered the relationship between heart disease and low birth size. <br />2. The prenatal impact on obesity suggests that the greater a woman’s weight gain during pregnancy, the higher the risk that her child could be overweight by age 3, which continues into adolescence. The children whose mothers had the most excessive weight gain during pregnancy were more likely to be obese. This was proven with mothers who had anti obesity surgeries after delivering their first born. It was found that the children born after the mother’s surgery were 52% less likely to be obese than their first born sibling. Professor John Kral said that the children born after this surgery were able to process fats and carbohydrates in a healthier way and therefore, their metabolisms were made normal through epigenetic modification. <br />3. Research now shows that the prenatal experience influences the development of diabetes through the study of the Pima Indians who have the highest rate of type 2 Diabetes in the world. This is because a diabetic woman’s high blood sugar disrupts the developing metabolism of the fetus, which predisposes the child for diabetes and obesity. This accounts for most of the diabetes among the Pima Indians and nationally. Dana Dabelea says that if we could control the mother’s blood sugar during pregnancy, we could decrease the number of children with diabetes. Being able to understand that prenatal experience shapes the diseases we develop also changes behavior. When the Pima Indians were informed about this new finding it offered hope and encouragement for women interested in pregnancy.Anonymoushttps://www.blogger.com/profile/02596222295986606453noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9088273984661570768.post-91074635291812227622010-10-28T10:39:23.491-04:002010-10-28T10:39:23.491-04:001. The article says that heart disease has a prena...1. The article says that heart disease has a prenatal influence. A doctor in the UK saw a higher incidence of heart disease in people in poor areas than in the wealthy. It was believed at the time that heart disease mainly effected the rich people because of they're sedentary lifestyles and rich diets. He investigated and found a link between heart disease in adulthood and low birth weight. He theorized that poor prenatal nutrition caused the developing fetus's body to divert nutrients to the more important organs, like the brain, and neglect the heart.<br />2. A study found that the greater the mothers weight gain is during gestation, the greater risk that her child will be overweight by age three. Another study found that a child born to an obese mother will be more likely to be overweight that a younger sibling born after the mother has lost weight. The body of a baby born to a mother who isn't obese is better able to process fats and carbohydrates than one born to an obese mother. Epigenetic modification might make the metabolism of the baby function better or worse based on the intrauterine environment. A mother can possibly lower her child's later risk of obesity by altering her own behavior.<br />3. A study found that during pregnancy high blood sugar can effect the development of metabolism. That can predispose a baby to diabetes and obesity. By monitoring the sugar intake of a pregnant diabetic woman doctors could lower her baby's risk of developing diabetes.<br />4. Intrauterine exposure to pollutants like PAHs are harmful to the fetus. The PAHs can alter the DNA of the developing fetus. Fetal exposure to PAHs can cause a higher risk of cancer. Also the risk of being cognitively delayed by age three is an effect. Children who had intrauterine exposure to PAHs scored lower on IQ tests than children that did not.<br />5.The prenatal environment can also effect mental health. A child born to a woman with mental health problems is more likely to have problems. Children who's mothers were subjected to stress or starvation during gestation have a higher risk of schizophrenia. A study of children who's mothers were gestating during the famine from the "Great Leap Forward" found that they were two times as likely to develop schizophrenia than children born at different times. Similar studies done on children of women who gestated during the Arab-Israeli Six-Day War found similar results.Shannon Burnnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9088273984661570768.post-52280606752907994742010-10-28T09:52:37.999-04:002010-10-28T09:52:37.999-04:001. According to British psychic an David Barker, h...1. According to British psychic an David Barker, heart disease in middle age can be linked to low birth weight. This is because the fetus’s nutrition is only as good as the nutrition of the mother who is carrying it. What little nutrition the baby gets is used on the brain rather than other organs like the heart.<br />2. Both genes and a mother’s prenatal nutrition influence the prenatal impact on obesity. If an older sibling was conceived while the mother is over weight they will have similar eating habits to a younger sibling born after weight-loss surgery however the younger sibling will process carbohydrates and fats better.<br />3. Children are also prenatally predisposed to certain disease. This is especially true of Native Americans, who according to a study have the highest rate of gestational diabetes in the world due to the effect of the mother’s lifestyle on the fetus.<br />4. Mothers who live in big cities also have to worry about the effect of air pollution on the fetus. Traffic pollution especially can be linked to prematurity, low birth weight, and heart malformation, and damage to DNA.<br />5. Abnormalities in a child’s mental health especially schizophrenia can occur if the mother was subjected to high levels of stress or even starvation during pregnancy.mnealnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9088273984661570768.post-79756170915887298232010-10-28T08:40:07.681-04:002010-10-28T08:40:07.681-04:004. Prenatal exposure to air pollution can cause pr...4. Prenatal exposure to air pollution can cause premature delivery, low birth weight, and heart malformations. Frederica Perera gave 500 pregnant women all over New York Cities devices for two days that tested the levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, a pollutant emitted from cars. He found that 100% of these women were exposed. 40% of their babies had DNA damage from these pollutants. This damage is linked to increase risk of cancer. Exposure makes babies twice as likely to be cognitively delayed by age 3. There has been measure taken to make the air cleaner which has decreased the affects on babies too.<br />5. The mother’s mental health can affect her unborn baby. Her moods can affect the baby’s development. Researchers tested women who were depressed, anxious, and with normal moods. Their heart rate, blood pressure, and nervous system arousal, and the movement and heart rate of the baby were measured. The women were put in a very stressful situation. Only the women the anxious and depressed women’s babies showed signs of disturbances.ndieschbourgnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9088273984661570768.post-42589689999095079742010-10-28T08:39:53.483-04:002010-10-28T08:39:53.483-04:00ntil the 1990’s it was thought that heart disease ...ntil the 1990’s it was thought that heart disease was a conditional of affluence with sedentary lifestyles and rich foods. Then David Barker notice that the highest rate of hearth disease in England and Wales was actually in the poorest regions. He discovered a correlation between small birth size and heart disease. The small birth size is an indication of inadequate food supple, which means the baby does not have enough nutrients. Because of the lack of nutrients the baby focuses the available nutrients on the most important organ, the brain, and deprived other parts of the body, including the heart.<br />2. The mother’s weight during gestation has an impact on the baby’s weight. One studies conducted by researchers at Harvard Medical School said that the greater the woman’s weight gain during pregnancy the higher the risk that her child could be overweight by age 3. Other studies tried to rule out the effects of shared eating habits or genetic predispositions as the cause. Researchers compared children born to obese mothers with their sibling after the mother lost weight. The child born after the weight loss is less likely to be obese. John Karls says this is because they process fats and carbohydrates in a healthier way. He feels if women maintain a healthy weight before and during pregnancy obesity can be stopped before it starts.<br />3. By studying the Pima Indians who have the highest rate of Type 2 diabetes showed that diabetic women’s high blood sugar disrupts the developing metabolism of the baby. This can predispose them to diabetes and obesity. Researches think this accounts for most of the increase in Type 2 diabetes in the Pima children over the past 30 years. The Indians had blamed genetics for diabetes and thought it was unchangeable. After the researches explain their findings the women were enthusiastic. They felt it was possible to manage their weight for nine months if it meant their babies would be healthy.ndieschbourgnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9088273984661570768.post-32694845606564231982010-10-28T07:49:02.283-04:002010-10-28T07:49:02.283-04:00The origin of heart disease was discovered over tw...The origin of heart disease was discovered over two decades ago by a man named David Barker. Barker noticed a correspondence on the map between the poorest regions of Wales and England. England and Wales had the highest rates of heart disease; David Barker speculated this scenario because he believed heart disease was supposed to be a condition of affluence. He then compared thousands of individuals with their birth weight and came across a surprising link between small birth sizes which meant often lack of prenatal nutrition which later leads to heart disease in middle ago. During pregnancy, the fetus sends nutrients to the most important organ which is the brain and disregards other organs such as the heart. Since not enough nutrients were transferred to the heart during pregnancy; later in life the heart suffers because it begins to weaken.<br /><br />One study found that the greater a woman’s weight gain during pregnancy the higher the risk of her child being overweight by the age of three. Women who had excessive when gain during pregnancy compared to those who had moderate weigh gain had a higher chance of having a child that would become obese. On the other hand, children could share eating habits or predisposition to obesity with their mothers. Researchers compared children with mothers that were obese with their siblings born after the mother had antiobesity surgery. The youngest child inherited many of the similar genes their older sibling had such as the same eating habits but the two siblings had alternate intrauterine environments.<br /><br />The Pima Indians of the Gila River Reservation in Arizona have the highest rate of type 2 diabetes in the world. The science of fetal organs helps give hope to people who believe hereditary has cursed their families to disease. Since 1965, a study has followed a group of Pima Indians proving that disease began from prenatal experience. During pregnancy a woman with diabetes and that has high blood sugar can disrupt the developing metabolism of the fetus. Over the past thirty years exposure to maternal diabetes in the Pima Indians increased the chances of getting type 2 diabetes.<br /><br />Frederica Perera is the director of the Center for Children’s Environmental Health at Columbia University. Over three decades ago she became interested on the effects of pollution on fetuses. In one of her study she used babies just out of the womb as her control but once receiving the results from the samples of the umbilical-cord blood she sent it to the lab to be analyzed where she then realized that there had been a problem ¬; already these babies has signs of pollution contamination. Perera’s next experiment was shocking. She had more than 500 pregnant women carry around black backpacks for two whole days. Each backpack contained and air monitor in which it measure levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. All 500 monitors revealed that they were all exposed to PAH’s during their pregnancies. Further study concluded that fetuses and babies exposed to PAH’s were more than twice as likely to be scoring on assessments that predicts performance in school and at age five these children scored lower on IQ test then children who received less exposure.<br /><br />A child raised with a parent that has mental illness can increase the risk of the offspring also obtaining a mental illness. Even a pregnant women’s emotional state can be influential to her offspring’s insusceptible mental illness.Mikemnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9088273984661570768.post-39211285598976540782010-10-28T03:05:14.262-04:002010-10-28T03:05:14.262-04:00Olivia Carlsen PART 2!
4. Frederica Perera discov...Olivia Carlsen PART 2!<br /><br />4. Frederica Perera discovered that air pollution during pregnancy has many birth outcomes, including premature delivery, low birth weight, and heart malformations. In her 1998 study, it revealed that 100% of the women were exposed to PAHs during their pregnancies. After the babies were born, the cord of blood showed that 40% had subtle DNA damage from PAHs. PAHs damages and has been linked to increased cancer risk. Children exposed to high amounts of this have been shown to be cognitively delayed and have a lower IQ test score.<br />5. Intrauterine conditions influence not only our physical health but also our intelligence, temperament, even our sanity. Evidence indicates that pregnant women that are subjected to starvation and high levels of stress place their child at a higher risk for developing schizophrenia. There are examples of this in many places such as China and Jerusalem. Catherine Monk proposed that pregnant women’s mental state shape her offspring’s psyche. This may in turn affect the child’s development. Fetuses of stressed mothers are already more sensitive to stress. The stress the babies show could be a genetic predisposition inherited from the parents or that the fetuses’ nervous systems are already being shaped by their mothers’ emotional states. This is all deciding when we become who we are.olivia carlsennoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9088273984661570768.post-25485524507882993042010-10-28T03:04:29.498-04:002010-10-28T03:04:29.498-04:00Olivia Carlsen PART 1!
1. David Parker realized t...Olivia Carlsen PART 1!<br /><br />1. David Parker realized that there is a correlation between birth weight and heart disease. He conjectured that the fetus diverts nutrients to its most important organ, the brain, while skimping on other parts of its body. This debt comes to affect decades later in the form of a weakened heart. This idea that intrauterine experience has a relationship with heart disease was known as the Barker hypothesis for years. Janet Rich-Edwards tried to disprove this theory but it is one of the most solidly replicated findings in the field of public health.<br />2. Researchers at Harvard Medical School conducted one study that the greater a woman’s weight gain during pregnancy increases the risk that her child would be overweight by age three. The other study indicated that this relationship continues into the child’s adolescence. They have researched mothers who were obese and then received surgery and discovered a few findings from their children. They experienced different intrauterine environments but showed similar eating habits and inherited similar genes as their older siblings. In a later 2006 study though, the younger children were 52% less likely to develop obesity because their mother got the surgery. In 2009, they were found to be three times less likely to become obese. The younger children also process fats and carbohydrates in a healthier way.<br />3. The article states that during pregnancy, a diabetic woman’s high blood sugar appears to disrupt the developing metabolism of the fetus, predisposing it to diabetes and obesity. Dana Dabelea says that this accounts for most of the increase in Type 2 diabetes among Pima children over the past 30 years. She has a theory that if we could intensively control diabetic women’s blood sugar during pregnancy then we could bring down the number of children who go on to develop diabetes.olivia carlsennoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9088273984661570768.post-27925965006626477292010-10-28T03:03:13.946-04:002010-10-28T03:03:13.946-04:00Olivia Carlsen
1.David Parker realized that there ...Olivia Carlsen<br />1.David Parker realized that there is a correlation between birth weight and heart disease. He conjectured that the fetus diverts nutrients to its most important organ, the brain, while skimping on other parts of its body. This debt comes to affect decades later in the form of a weakened heart. This idea that intrauterine experience has a relationship with heart disease was known as the Barker hypothesis for years. Janet Rich-Edwards tried to disprove this theory but it is one of the most solidly replicated findings in the field of public health.<br />2.Researchers at Harvard Medical School conducted one study that the greater a woman’s weight gain during pregnancy increases the risk that her child would be overweight by age three. The other study indicated that this relationship continues into the child’s adolescence. They have researched mothers who were obese and then received surgery and discovered a few findings from their children. They experienced different intrauterine environments but showed similar eating habits and inherited similar genes as their older siblings. In a later 2006 study though, the younger children were 52% less likely to develop obesity because their mother got the surgery. In 2009, they were found to be three times less likely to become obese. The younger children also process fats and carbohydrates in a healthier way.<br />3.The article states that during pregnancy, a diabetic woman’s high blood sugar appears to disrupt the developing metabolism of the fetus, predisposing it to diabetes and obesity. Dana Dabelea says that this accounts for most of the increase in Type 2 diabetes among Pima children over the past 30 years. She has a theory that if we could intensively control diabetic women’s blood sugar during pregnancy then we could bring down the number of children who go on to develop diabetes.<br />4.Frederica Perera discovered that air pollution during pregnancy has many birth outcomes, including premature delivery, low birth weight, and heart malformations. In her 1998 study, it revealed that 100% of the women were exposed to PAHs during their pregnancies. After the babies were born, the cord of blood showed that 40% had subtle DNA damage from PAHs. PAHs damages and has been linked to increased cancer risk. Children exposed to high amounts of this have been shown to be cognitively delayed and have a lower IQ test score.<br />5.Intrauterine conditions influence not only our physical health but also our intelligence, temperament, even our sanity. Evidence indicates that pregnant women that are subjected to starvation and high levels of stress place their child at a higher risk for developing schizophrenia. There are examples of this in many places such as China and Jerusalem. Catherine Monk proposed that pregnant women’s mental state shape her offspring’s psyche. This may in turn affect the child’s development. Fetuses of stressed mothers are already more sensitive to stress. The stress the babies show could be a genetic predisposition inherited from the parents or that the fetuses’ nervous systems are already being shaped by their mothers’ emotional states. This is all deciding when we become who we are.olivia carlsennoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9088273984661570768.post-61361465573019734482010-10-28T01:16:59.912-04:002010-10-28T01:16:59.912-04:001. Around 20 years ago, a physician noticed correl...1. Around 20 years ago, a physician noticed correlations for high rates of heart disease were off. The countries of poorer areas seemed to have the highest risk. Why? Because of poor prenatal nutrition. A lot of others tried to prove this theory wrong, by claiming that the prenatal environment does not affect the unborn child, its own lifestyle and factors do. People didn’t think that intrauterine experience had anything to do with heart disease- but in fact it almost has everything to do with it. What was found in the study was that he discovered an unexpected link between small birth size — often an indication of poor prenatal nutrition — and heart disease. With an inadequate food supply, the fetus diverts nutrients to its most important organ, the brain, while skimping on other parts of its body — a price that comes decades later in the form of a weakened heart.<br />2. The prenatal impact on obesity is how much the mother gains while pregnant. Certain studies show that a mother who gained excess weight during pregnancy was more likely to have an overweight child by age 3. Of course, children can be predisposed to obesity or because of unhealthy eating habits. A study was done testing a child born from an obese mother post-surgery. The child was 52% less likely to be obese when compared to children born from women that did not have surgery.<br />3. There was a study done on Indians since they have the highest rate of type 2 diabetes, and why this is true. It is shown through prenatal experience. During pregnancy, a diabetic woman's high blood sugar appears to disrupt the developing metabolism of the fetus, predisposing it to diabetes and obesity. If we could intensively control diabetic women's blood sugar during pregnancy," a doctor says, “we could really bring down the number of children who go on to develop diabetes,” and struggle with it.<br />4. Premature delivery, low birth weight and heart malformations can be due to exposure to air. A study was done, having pregnant women carry around a backpack of polluted air. 100% of them were exposed to PAH’s- a type of pollutant that comes from vehicle exhaust and is also present in the fumes released by cigarettes and factory smokestacks. After the babies were born, around 40% of them had DNA damage- linking to cancer risk. Further analysis found that those exposed prenatally to high levels of PAHs were more than twice as likely to be cognitively delayed at age 3, scoring lower on an assessment that predicts performance in school; at age 5, these children scored lower on IQ tests than children who received less exposure to PAHs in the womb.<br />5. The prenatal environment could be linked to mental health because it could be the case that a pregnant woman's emotional state influences her child’s later predisposition to mental illness. It is also known that if a mother has a mental illness, it will greatly be passed on to the child. It seems to be that the intrauterine environment is a pathway by which mental illness is passed down in families. This concept of prenatal environment is pushing us to believe the starting line for becoming who we are is when we are first conceived.jess tanseynoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9088273984661570768.post-70860616530524528832010-10-28T01:06:54.543-04:002010-10-28T01:06:54.543-04:00Molly Dunlap
The article says the origin of heart...Molly Dunlap<br /> The article says the origin of heart disease can start in the womb. It says that poor nutrition on the mother’s part can cause the child to have heart disease. This is because all the good nutrients go to the brain first. If there aren’t any other good nutrients left for the other organs then those organs won’t develop as healthy and good. This can cause a problem and be why the child will have heart disease later in life. There is a prenatal impact on obesity. One study shows the greater the mother’s weight gain during pregnancy is, the higher a child has the risk of being over\weight. It says that if a mother lost weight and started eating healthier before the pregnancy, the child has a lesser risk of being overweight. Babies of mothers lost weight before the pregnancy and ate healthier had healthier babies than their siblings who were conceived and given birth to when the mothers were overweight and not healthy. Basically, it says you should eat healthy before and during the pregnancy. In regard to diabetes, a mother’s high blood sugar disrupts the developing metabolism of the fetus and may cause diabetes. Exposure to maternal diabetes increases the risk of the child getting diabetes. Women used to think that if diabetes was in the family the children would probably get it too. Studies show that if women try and keep their blood sugar down, they can lessen the risk of their child getting diabetes. Even just exercising and a healthy diet can lessen the risk of diabetes too. In regard to air pollution, there were samples taken of umbilical cord blood and there were already traces of air pollution in them. Being exposed to air pollution during pregnancy can cause premature birth, low birth weight and heart malformations. Being exposed to air pollution can increase the risk of cancer in the child. They also have a higher risk of being cognitively delayed at age 3. Efforts to reduce environmental toxins have made a huge difference. In relation to mental health, women who have high stress or starvation during pregnancy have a higher risk of having a child with schizophrenia. There was a study that showed babies that were born during the Arab-Israeli-Six-Day-War were more likely to develop schizophrenia. A mother’s psyche seems to affect the baby. Mothers who are depressed and anxious seem to have fetuses who have problems too. The fetuses seem to be more sensitive to stress.molly dunlapnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9088273984661570768.post-73267323512454062202010-10-28T01:04:29.351-04:002010-10-28T01:04:29.351-04:003. The article states that through research of the...3. The article states that through research of the Pima Indians- who have the highest rate of Type 2 diabetes in the world- it has been found that genetics may not be the only component in who develops diabetes. Studies show that a diabetic pregnant woman’s high blood sugar disrupts the developing metabolism of the baby. This in turn, gives the child a higher inclination of having diabetes or becoming obese. Scientists believe that this exposure to maternal diabetes in the womb accounts for majority of the increase in Type 2 diabetes among the Indians in the past several decades. Thus said, they also are quite optimistic that if they could control a diabetic woman’s blood sugar very closely during pregnancy, the number of children who develop diabetes later on could be decreased.<br />4. As hard as mother’s try to do everything right during pregnancy there are just some things that are out of their hands, such as air pollution. After accidentally coming across the fact that infants are already born with contamination, Frederica Perera decided to further investigate this odd discovery. She found that the polluted air mother’s breathe in can have some major effects on their unborn babies. Some of these effects consist of premature delivery, low birth weight and heart malformations. After studying 500 pregnant women, the amount of air pollution they were around daily, and any problems the infants were born with it was found that those exposed to more pollutants had children more likely to have cognitive delays and lower IQ tests than those women who were exposed to fewer pollutants daily.<br />5. There is some research that shows that women who are under extreme stress or experience starvation during pregnancy are more likely to have children with schizophrenia. Other studies support this idea, especially when the women have been in war situations or famines with little to no food. On top of this scientist are also trying to prove that even pregnant women’s mental state and mood can shape her fetus’ mental stability. This idea is still being tested but it was found, through specific experimenting, that a baby whose mother is depressed or anxious shows disturbances during highly stressful situations the mother is put in, while babies with normal mother’s showed nothing. These findings seem to hold true after birth also, in the few tests they have completed on this topic.Natalie Reynoldsnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9088273984661570768.post-36978613340266551062010-10-28T01:04:10.697-04:002010-10-28T01:04:10.697-04:001. The origins of heart disease first began to be ...1. The origins of heart disease first began to be studied when the British physician, David Barker, noticed a weird pattern in where the highest rates of heart disease was and investigated it further. After maintaining data on many individuals, he found that small birth size and heart disease in middle age were somewhat related. Small birth size can result from many factors, but it mainly indicates unhealthy prenatal nutrition on the woman’s part. When the fetus is not receiving enough nutrients, it makes sure to first send them to the most important organ, which is the brain. Of course this may result in lack of nutrients to other parts of the body, such as the heart, and this could result in a weakened heart later in life. At first when Barker told others of his findings they didn’t believe him one bit, but over time others began experimenting his theory and after repeating his results they had no choice but to agree with him.<br />2. In one study researchers from Harvard Medical School found that the more weight a woman gains during pregnancy puts her child at a higher risk for being overweight by the age of 3. In another study they found that the amount of weight gain during pregnancy also can have an effect on the child even up through their teenage years and life. There has also been more research done comparing children born to an obese mother before and after she had weight-loss surgery, which found that the child born before the surgery was 52% more likely than the child born after surgery to be obese. Basically women who are of healthy weight before and during pregnancy are more likely to have average weight babies than those women who are overweight or obese.Natalie Reynoldsnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9088273984661570768.post-62678412302395512952010-10-28T01:00:26.677-04:002010-10-28T01:00:26.677-04:001. The origins of heart disease first began to be ...1. The origins of heart disease first began to be studied when the British physician, David Barker, noticed a weird pattern in where the highest rates of heart disease was and investigated it further. After maintaining data on many individuals, he found that small birth size and heart disease in middle age were somewhat related. Small birth size can result from many factors, but it mainly indicates unhealthy prenatal nutrition on the woman’s part. When the fetus is not receiving enough nutrients, it makes sure to first send them to the most important organ, which is the brain. Of course this may result in lack of nutrients to other parts of the body, such as the heart, and this could result in a weakened heart later in life. At first when Barker told others of his findings they didn’t believe him one bit, but over time others began experimenting his theory and after repeating his results they had no choice but to agree with him.<br />2. In one study researchers from Harvard Medical School found that the more weight a woman gains during pregnancy puts her child at a higher risk for being overweight by the age of 3. In another study they found that the amount of weight gain during pregnancy also can have an effect on the child even up through their teenage years and life. There has also been more research done comparing children born to an obese mother before and after she had weight-loss surgery, which found that the child born before the surgery was 52% more likely than the child born after surgery to be obese. Basically women who are of healthy weight before and during pregnancy are more likely to have average weight babies than those women who are overweight or obese. <br />3. The article states that through research of the Pima Indians- who have the highest rate of Type 2 diabetes in the world- it has been found that genetics may not be the only component in who develops diabetes. Studies show that a diabetic pregnant woman’s high blood sugar disrupts the developing metabolism of the baby. This in turn, gives the child a higher inclination of having diabetes or becoming obese. Scientists believe that this exposure to maternal diabetes in the womb accounts for majority of the increase in Type 2 diabetes among the Indians in the past several decades. Thus said, they also are quite optimistic that if they could control a diabetic woman’s blood sugar very closely during pregnancy, the number of children who develop diabetes later on could be decreased. <br />4. As hard as mother’s try to do everything right during pregnancy there are some things that are out of their hands, such as air pollution. After accidentally coming across the fact that infants are already born with contamination, Frederica Perera decided to further investigate this odd discovery. She found that the polluted air mother’s breathe in can have some major effects on their unborn babies. Some of these effects consist of premature delivery, low birth weight and heart malformations. After studying the amount of air pollution 500 pregnant women were around daily it was found that those exposed to more pollutants had children more likely to have cognitive delays and lower IQ tests than those women who were exposed to fewer pollutants daily.<br />5. There is some research that shows that women who are under extreme stress or experience starvation during pregnancy are more likely to have children with schizophrenia. Other studies support this idea, especially when the women have been in war situations or famines with little to no food. On top of this scientist are also trying to prove that even pregnant women’s mental state and mood can shape her fetus’ mental stability. This idea is still being tested but it was found, through specific experimenting, that a baby whose mother is depressed or anxious shows disturbances during highly stressful situations the mother is put in, while babies with normal mother’s showed nothing. These findings seem to hold true after birth also, in the few tests they have completed on this topic.Natalie Reynoldsnoreply@blogger.com