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The Demise of Schoolsville
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Personality
1. Heritability is responsible for about 40% of personality. And it may respond to special experiences or parental handling.
Schizophrenia
1. a disorder characterized by hallucinations and delusions.
2. The risk is ten times as great among siblings and offspring of schizophrenics, twins and adoption studies show the risk comes from shared genes.
3. Genetics or a prenatal viral infection.
4. 63-85%.
Autism
1. A severe disorder of brain functioning.
2. 6 in 1000 children are born with autism.
3. 4 out 5 autistic children are boys.
4. A lack of normal social interaction, impaired communication, and a highly restricted range of activities.
5. Autism runs in families and has a strong genetic basis.
Intelligence & School Achievement
1. Adoption studies show intelligence is genetic because adopted children's IQ is closer to their biological parents IQ.
2. Identical twins IQ are more alike then fraternal twins IQ.
3.50-60%.
Personality
1. The people one is most around is where one will start to mimic behavior and eventually develop one's own personality. Hereditary influences account for about 40%. Genes have even been linked to certain personality traits.
Schizophrenia
1. Mental disorder marked by loss of contact with reality; symptoms include hallucinations and delusions. seems to have a strong genetic component
2. Risk is ten times as great among siblings and offspring of schizophrenics as among the general population. Risk comes from shared genes, not environment.
3. Cause cannot be purely genetic. Studies suggest a prenatal viral infection carried in the blood shared by monochorionic twins may play a part. People in urban areas are more likely to get it than people in rural areas.
4. between 65-85%
Autism
1. Pervasive developmental disorder of the brain,
2. estimated 16 out of every 10,000 people
3. Mostly Male
4. Characterized by lack of normal social interaction, impaired communication and imagination, and repetitive obsessive behaviors.
5. Strong genetic basis. Different genes may be involved. HOAX1 is one gene thought to contribute. This gene is involved in the development of the brain stem.
Intelligence and School Achievement
1. Adopted children's IQs are more similar to their biological mothers than those of their adoptive parents and siblings
2. Identical twins are more alike in intelligence than fraternal twins.
3. 50-60% for verbal abilities
50% for spatial abilities
Personality
1)Five major groupings of traits - Extraversion, Neuroticism, conscientiousness, agreeableness, and openness to experience. These traits are about 40% hereditary. Temperament is also largely inborn, but it may be influenced by the environment such as special experiences and parental handling. Some studies also show that shyness and boldness are inherited and usually don't change throughout a person's life.
Schizophrenia
1) Schizophrenia is a mental disorder marked by loss of contact with reality; symptoms include hallucinations and delusions.
2)The risk is 10 times as great amongst siblings and offspring of schizophrenics.
3)Lack of a chemical called reelin which is present in the regions of the adult brain that handle higher mental functions, such as language and problem solving.
4)The estimate is between 63 - 85%
Autism
1)Pervasive development disorder of the brain, characterized by lack of normal social interaction, impaired communication and imagination, and repetitive obsessive behaviors.
2)16 out of every 10,000 people
3)Males
4)Fail to notice emotional signals of others, may refuse to cuddle or make eye contact, may speak in a singsong voice, paying little or no attention to the listener. Severely autistic children often show repetitive behaviors such as spinning, rocking, hand clapping, and headbanging and are obsessed with certain subjects, rituals, or routines.
5)Strong genetic basis - prenatal injury to the developing brain
Intelligence and School Achievement
1)Adopted childrens' IQ's are consistently closer to the IQ's of their biological mothers than those of their adoptive parents and siblings.
2)Monozygotic twins are more alike in intelligence than dizygotic twins.
3)50 - 60% for verbal abilities and 50% for spatial abilities.
Personality
1.Heritability of about 40 percent of five major groupings of traits-extraversion,neuroticism,conscientiousness,
agreeableness,and openness to experience.Environmental influences can be divided into two classes, shared and non-shared. Shared environment is shared by siblings that have been raised in the same family. They help shape personality.
Schizophrenia
1. A mental disorder marked by loss of contact with reality;symptoms include hallucinations and delusions.
2.Ten times as great among siblings and offspring of schizophrenics as among the general population;increased risk comes from shared genes, not shared environment.
3.Possible causes include, genetic contribution, prenatal viral infection, and a lack of a chemical called reelin.
4. Between 63 and 85 percent.
Autism
1. Pervasive developmental disorder of the brain, characterized by lack of normal social interaction, impaired communication and imagination, and repetitive,obsessive behaviors.
2.16 of every 10,000 people.
3.It mostly appears in boys within the first three years.
4.Fail to notice the emotional symptoms of others, refuse to cuddle or make eye contact, may speak in a sing-song voice, pay little or no attention to the listener,may show repetitive behaviors.
5.Autism results from a genetic predisposition combined with an environmental assault.
Intelligence and School Achievement
1. Adopted children's IQs are closer to the IQs of their biological mothers than to those of their adoptive parents and siblings.
2. Monozygotic twins are more alike in intelligence than dizygotic twins.
3.Estimate of heritability: 50 to 60 percent for verbal abilities and 50 percent for spacial, meaning that genetic differences explain at least half of the observed variation among the population. The measured genetic influence increases with age.
Personality
1.heritability of about 40 %
Schizophrenia
1.a disorder marked by loss of contact with reality and by such symptoms as hallucinations and delusions
2.siblings and offspring of schizophrenia as among the general population
3.prenatal viral infections
4.62% and 85%
Autism
1.is a disorder of brain functioning characterized by lack of normal social interaction, impaired communications and imagination, and repetitive obsessive behavior
2. 16 of every 10,000 people
3.boys
4.lack of normal social interaction impaired communication and imagination and repetitive obsessive behaviors
5.runs in families and has a strong genetic base
intelligence
1.adoptive children IQ are generally closer to that of their biological parents than of their adoptive parents
2.identical twins are more alike in intelligence than fraternal
3.the measure of genetic influence increases with age
Personality:
1. Heredity and environmental factors affect your personality in five different types of traits: extraversion, neuroticism, conscientiousness, agreeableness, and openness, which are about 40% inherited.
Schizophrenia:
1. It is a disorder marked by loss of contact with reality and by symptoms such as hallucinations and delusions.
2. Siblings and offsprings of schizophrenics are at ten times greater risk.
3.Some possible causes for schizophrenia are a lack of chemical acid called reelin.
4. The estimated genetic contribution is between 63 and 85 percent.
Autism:
1. It is a disorder of brain functioning characterizede by lack of normal social interaction, impaired communication and imagination, and repetitive, obessesive behaviors.
2. The rate of occurence is about 16 in every 10000 people.
3. It mostly affects males.
4. The symptoms of autism are repetitive behaviors and obessesive with certain subjects.
5. Autism has a strong genetic basis. It is affected by several genes and one primitive gene is HOXA1.
Intelligence and school achievement:
1. Adoption studies show that adopted children's IQ's are closer to that of their biological parents than their adoptive parents.
2. Twin studies show that monozygotic twins are closer in intelligence than dizygotic twins.
3. The measured genetic influence on intelligence is below 50% for the heritability of IQ.
Personality
1. Certain aspects such as extraversion, neuroticism, conscientiousness, agreeableness, and openness to experience appear to be inherited, about 40%. Temperament is inborn and usually consistent but can be influenced by special experiences.
Schizophrenia
1. A mental disorder marked by loss of contact with reality. Symptoms include hallucinations and delusions.
2. The risk of it is ten times as great among siblings and offspring of schizophrenics.
3. This disorder may originate in a lack of a chemical called reelin.
4. 63 to 85%
Autism
1. Pervasive developmental disorder of the brain
2. 16 of every 10,000 people
3. males
4. characterized by lack of normal social interaction, impaired communication and imagination, and repetitive, obsessive behaviors.
5. A variant of a gene called HOXA1 which is involved in the development of the brain stem.
Intelligence and School Achievement
1. Adopted children's IQs are consistently closer to the IQs of their biological mothers.
2. Identical twins are more alike in intelligence than fraternal twins.
3. The measured genetic influence increases with age. Family environment influences younger children whereas adolescents will find their own niche.
Personality
1. Explain the hereditary AND environmental influences on personality.
Hereditary, or nature, influences come from the genetic make up of the individual, such as extraversion, neuroticism, or temperament, which are about 40% hereditable. Environmental influence depends on the way an individual is raised, and the environment they are provided, as well as the attention given from their parents.
Schizophrenia
1. What is it?
Mental disorder marked by loss of contact with reality. Symptoms include hallucinations and delusions.
2. List several risk factors of schizophrenia. In other words, who is more at risk?
The risk is ten times greater among siblings and offspring of schizophrenics. The risk comes from shared genes, not shared environments, and the estimated genetic contribution is between 63 and 85 percent.
3. What are some possible causes?
The disorder may come from a lack of a chemical called reelin, which is present in regions of the adult brain that handle higher mental functions such as language and problem solving.
4. What is the contribution of genetics (percentage)?
About 63 to 85 percent
Autism
1. What is it?
It’s a pervasive developmental disorder of the brain, characterized by a lack of normal social interaction, impaired communication and imagination, and repetitive and obsessive behaviors.
2. What is the rate of occurrence?
About 16 out of every 10,000 people
3. Which gender does it affect the most?
Male gender
4. What are the symptoms of autism?
Infant: Failure to notice emotional signals of others, and refuse to cuddle or make eye contact.
Child: speak in a sing-song voice, paying little or no attention to listener, spinning, rocking, hand-flapping, or head- banging and obsessed with certain rituals, subjects or routines.
5. What is the genetic contribution?
Several different genes may be involved but on candidate is a variant gene called HOXA1, which is involved in development of the brain stem, the most primitive part of the brain.
Intelligence and School Achievement
1. What have adoption studies proven?
Adopted children’s IQ are consistently closer to those of their biological mothers than to those of their adoptive parents.
2. What have twin studies proven?
Monozygotic twins are more alike in intelligence than dizygotic twins.
3. What is the measured genetic influence on intelligence?
About 50-60 percent verbal abilities, 50 percent spatial abilities
Personality
1. Scientists have begun to identify genes directly linked with specific personality traits. A large body of research strongly suggests that shyness and its opposite, boldness, are largely inborn and tend to stay with a person throughout life.
Schizophrenia
1. Schizophrenia is a disorder marked by loss of contact with reality and by such symptoms as hallucinations and delusions.
2. The risk of schizophrenia is ten times as great among siblings and offspring of schizophrenics as among the general population.
3. Co-twin studies suggest that a prenatal viral infection, carried in the blood shared by monochorionic twins, may play a part. Also a postmortem examination of the brains of schizophrenics suggests that the disorder may originate in a lack of a chemical called reelin.
4. the estimated genetic contribution is between 63 and 85 percent.
Personality
1.hereditary:about 40%, genetic influences on activity, sociability and emotionality.
environmental:by modeling their parents behavior they become like their parent's personality.
Schizophrenia
1. a disorder marked by loss of contact with reality and by such symptoms as hallucinations,and delusions.
2.risk factors: tends to run in families more common among monozygotic twins than fraternal, ten times as great among siblings and offspring of schizophrenics as among the general population.
3.causes are prenatal viral infection carried in the blood shared by monochrionic twins may play a part, people born in urban areas are more likely than those born in rural areas because greater likelihood of birth complications and of exposure to infections during pregnancy and childhood.
4.genetics: 63 and 85 percent.
Autism
1. pervasive developmental disorder of the brain characterized by lack of normal social interaction impaired communication and imagination and repetitive.
obsessive behaviors.
2.rate of occurrence: 16 out of every 10,000 people.
3.gender: mostly in boys
4.symptoms: fails to notice the emotional signals of others, may refuse to cuddle or make eye contact, may speak in a sing-song voice paying little attention the listener, show repetitive behaviors such as spinning, rocking, hand flapping, and head-banging and are obsessed with certain subjects, rituals and routines.
5.genetic contribution: strong genetic background, varying genes can cause different symptoms and severity.
Intelligence and School achievement
1.adoption studies: adoptive children's IQ's like biological mothers than adoptive parents and siblings.
2.monozygotic twins more alike in intelligence than dizygotic twins
3.gentic influence: 50% to 60% verbal and 50% for spatial abilities
Personality
1.About forty percent of personality is inherited. Genetic influences on activity, sociability, and emotionality. Genetic and environmental factors reinforce each other.
Schizophrenia
1.Mental disorder marked by loss of contact with reality and by hallucinations and delusions.
2.Risk: prenatal viral infections, born in urban areas, and lack of chemical reelin.
3.Causes: birth complications, exposure to infections during pregnancy and childhood, and misplacement of nerve cells.
4. Genetic contribution is 63-85%.
Autism
1. Development disorder of the brain characterized by lack of normal social interaction.
2. 16 out of 10000 people develop it.
3. Affects males the most.
4. symptoms: lack of focus, repetitive behaviors, obsession with subjects or rituals, failure to connect emotionally.
5. Genetics have strong basis. Multiple genes can be involved; one is a variant of HOXA1.
Intelligence and school achievement
1. Adoption studies have proven that gene play a major role. IQ closer to biological parents.
2.Twin studies have proven that identical twin intelligence are more alike to each other then fraternal twins.
3. Genetics account for 20% of the similarity in IQ between twins and 5% between non twins.
Personality
1. Inherited aspects of personality are known as either "OCEAN" or "CANOE" suggest a heritability of about 40% and stand for openness to experience, conscientiousness, extroversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism. Temperament is inborn and consistent over the years. Shyness vs. Boldness are largely inborn.
Schizophrenia
1. a disorder characterized with loss of contact with reality and by such symptoms as hallucinations, and delusions.
2. It's 10 times as great among siblings and offspring of schizophrenics as of the population. Increases from shared genes, not shared environment.
3.Prenatal viral infection carried by blood in monochorionic twins can play a part. People born in urban areas are more likely to be schizophrenic than rural areas. It is far more likely when the father is 50 years old or older than when he is 25 years old or younger. Fetal undernutrition is a factor as well.
4.The estimated genetic contribution is between 63-85%.
Autism
1. Pervasive developmental disorder of the brain characterized by lack of normal social interaction, impaired communication and imagination, and a highly restricted range of activities and interests.
2. Estimates as 6 children in 1,000 have an autistic spectrum disorder. About 1 in 500 are affected with Asperger's disorder, which is the most common.
3. Boys. Four out of five autistic children are boys.
4. They may fail to notice the emotional signals of others and may refuse to cuddle or make eye contact. They may speak in a sing-song version, paying little or no attention to the listener. They show repetative behavior such as hand-flapping and head-banging. Obsessed with certain rituals or routines.
5. It runs in families and seems to have a strong genetic basis. Monozygotic twins are more concordant than dizygotic. Several genes may be involved detemining symptoms and severity.
Intelligence and School Achievement
1. That adopted children's IQs are consistently closer to the IQs of their biological mothers than those of their adoptive parents and siblings.
2.Monozygotic twins are more alike in intelligence than dizygotic.
3. The measured genetic influence on intelligence is 50-60%.
Personality:
1. Heredity and environment affect the personality. Hereditary personality traits have been suggested to make up approximately 40% of a person's personality. Certain traits that seem to be inherited are: extraversion, neuroticism, conscientiousness, agreeableness, and openness to experience. From childbirth environmental factors of personality are determined by interactions with parents, people, television, music, and various other stimuli.
Schizophrenia:
1. It is a disorder marked by loss of contact with reality and by some symptoms as hallucinations and delusions, seems to have a strong genetic component.
2. The risk of schizophrenia is ten times greater for siblings and offspring of schizophrenics than for the rest of the general population.
3. It is believed that the possible cause of schizophrenia is a lack of a chemical called reelin, which is involved in such processes as language and problem solving.
4. Estimated genetic component is between 63 and 85%.
Autism:
1.A disorder of brain functioning that affects social interaction, communication, and imagination.
2. It is estimated that 16 of every 10,000 people have autism.
3. Autism is most common in males.
4. Some symptoms include: failure to notice emotions of others, refusing of human contact, repetitive behaviors, and may perform unusual mental feats.
5. Without a specific number percent, genetics has found strong evidence in support of Autism being a genetic disorder.
Intelligence & Achievement
Autism
1. It is a disorder of brain functioning characterized by lack of social interaction and impaired communication.
2. Rate of occurrence: 16/10,000 children
3. It affects boys the most (shows up by age 3)
4. Symptoms: No eye contact, impaired communication, sing-song voice
5. Autism runs in families/has a strong genetic influence. In the environment, exposure to chemicals and viruses can cause it.
Schizophrenia
1. a disorder which involves delusions and hallucinations and a loss of contact with reality.
2. 1/100 people have the disorder, and the risk is ten times greater for siblings and offspring of schizophrenics
3. Some possible causes are prenatal viral infections or exposure to infections during pregnancy in urban areas.
4. 63-85%
Personality
1. hereditary influences: heritability accounts for around 40% of one's personality (extravrsion, conscientiousness, agreeableness, etc.)
2. temperament is inborn, but traits can be influenced/shaped by experiences and environment
Intelligence and School Achievement
1. Adoption studies have proven that I.Q. is similar to biological parents (nature) and school achievenment/progress is more influenced by adoptive parents (nurture).
2. Twin studies have proven that monozygotic twins are more alike than dizygotic
3. genetic influence on intelligence is 50-60%
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